Which amendment grants the individual right to freedom of speech?

The 1st Amendment to the United States Constitution explicitly protects the individual right to freedom of speech. It states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." This foundational principle ensures that individuals can express their ideas and opinions without government interference, fostering a marketplace of ideas that is vital for a democratic society.

The other amendments mentioned do not specifically address freedom of speech in the same way. The 4th Amendment focuses on protecting citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures. The 10th Amendment reiterates that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states or the people, and the 14th Amendment primarily addresses issues related to citizenship and equal protection under the law, though it has been interpreted to incorporate rights in the Bill of Rights to apply at the state level. However, it is the 1st Amendment that is most directly associated with the protection of speech.